INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND RESISTIVITY DATA BASE FOR
EVALUTION OF WATER BEARING FORMATIONS AND QUALITY OF GROUND
WATER IN  JAMANKIRA AREA OF SAMBALPUR DISTRICT, ORISSA, INDIA

Name of Author = Jayanta Kumar jena [Email:jayantakumarjena@rediffmail.com]
]Co-Authors = P.K.Verma, H.K.Sahoo
School of Studies in Geology, Vikram University, Ujjain- 456010, M.P., India.

Abstract

There is an increasing dependence on ground water for sustainable
development. In the recent times there has been a marked over dependence on
ground water due to inadequate availability of potable surface water
resources and vagaries of nature. Hence, an attempt has been made to
delineate suitable locations for ground water potential zones based on the
Remote sensing and GIS technique in Jamankira area of Sambalpur
district, Orissa.

Location and approach:
The area of investigation is situated in the Sambalpur district of
Orissa and falls between 210 30 to 210 39  latitude and 840 18 o 840
26 longitude covering an area of approximately 234 sq. km (Survey of
India toposheet no. 73C/6). The town Jamankira (NE) is situated at a
distance of 65 km. from Sambalpur town on NH-6 leading to Kolkata.

Geology :
The area is mainly covered by Eastern Ghat Group of rocks (Granite and
Gneisses) intruded by NW-SE trending dolerite dykes. In general, the
granitic rocks along with dolerite, hornblende schist and
chlorite-biotite gneiss occupy the Jamankira area.

Hydrogeomorphology:
The Jamankira area is classified as hard rock terrain. Based on
interpretations of satellite imagery, toposheet and district resource map
following important hydrogeomorphic units have been identified such as
residual hill, denudational hill, intermontane valley and pediment etc.

Lineament analysis:
Lineament study of the area from remotely sensed data provides
important information on sub-surface fractures that may control the movement
and storage of ground water. The rose diagram for mapped lineaments,
indicate orientations clustered in NW-SE to NE-SW direction. The lineament
frequency map of the study area has also been prepared

Drainage analysis:
The Mukteswar Nala, a tributary of Sankhabangan River, mainly drains
the study area. The area is characterized by the presence of dendritic to
sub-dendritic , annular, radial drainage pattern. Based on the micro
level drainage pattern, 19 watershed boundaries have been initially
delineated; and drainage density of each of these has been calculated.

Slope map:
Using SOI toposheet, a slope map of the area has been prepared
following general raster based operation techniques. The area, in general, is
having gentle, and steep. However, the steep slope area is observed in
NE, SW and SE part of the study area.

Land use and land cover map:
Land use plays a significant role in the development of groundwater
resources. The dominant land cover types in the study area are forest,
degraded forest, plantation and agriculture etc.

GIS and Overlay analysis:
For delineation of groundwater prospect zones, it is therefore,
necessary to integrate the data on these terrain characteristics. This can be
best achieved through a Geographic Information System.

Ground water potential zone = [45 x (Slope) + 20 x (Lineament
intensity) + 20 x (Drainage density) + 10 x (Geomorphology) + 5 x
(Landuse/landcover)] / 100

This exercise consists of following four steps for identification and
grading of ground water potential zone.

Step-1: Assigning weight value to the classes of the parameter maps

Step-2: Renumbering the parameter map to weight maps

Step-3: Combining the weight maps in to one single groundwater
potential zone map

Step-4: Classifying the combined weight map into groundwater potential
zone map

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that satellite remote sensing and GIS
techniques are indeed valuable tools in assessment and mapping of groundwater
potential zone following by integration of different themes. The
resultant groundwater prospect map of Jamankira area shows five classes viz.,
Poor, moderate, good, very good and excellent.